SAF Production Process

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is an alternative fuel produced sustainably from waste animal and plant oils, oilseeds, used edible oils, municipal solid waste, and agricultural and forestry waste. Compared to traditional fossil fuels, SAF can reduce carbon emissions by up to 85% throughout the entire process from raw material collection to end-user use.

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Overview

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is mainly used in the commercial aviation sector, especially in long and short haul flights. SAF, as an alternative fuel, can reduce carbon emissions in the aviation industry and is one of the key means to achieve net zero emissions targets. The use of SAF does not require significant modifications to existing aircraft engines and airport infrastructure, and can be blended with traditional petroleum based aviation fuels by obtaining relevant standard certifications.

The typical HEFA route to SAF has four steps:

1.Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and Decarboxylation (DCO), where renewable feedstock (such as vegetable oil) is reacted with hydrogen (H2) at high pressure over a reactor filled with catalyst (blue reactor at left);

2.Separation, where produced water (about 10%-12% of the feedstock’s volume) is rejected, and gases are vented (gray drum);

3.Isomerization and Hydrocracking, where diesel molecules are cracked in a hydrogen environment into lighter molecules, targeting jet fuel components (green reactor);

4.Fractionation, where the reaction products are separated into key components RD, SAF, naphtha, LPG, and fuel gas.

Performance

Application area

SAF is mainly used in commercial aviation, especially in long and short haul flights. Due to its direct use, there is no need to redesign aircraft and airports, making SAF very convenient for application in the aviation field. At present, multiple airlines have started using SAF for commercial flights, which can reduce carbon emissions by 0.31 tons per ton of fuel and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 840 tons annually.

Market demand

The demand for SAF in the global aviation industry is rapidly growing. According to the analysis of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), 65% of emissions reduction will be achieved through the use of SAF by 2050. To achieve this goal, IATA recommends that the global use of SAF should reach 5.2% of total fuel demand by 2030 and 65% by 2050.

Policy support

Many countries and regions around the world have formulated policies to support the development of SAF. Major economies such as the European Union, the United States, and Japan have elevated the development of SAF to a national strategic level and formulated detailed development plans and support policies. For example, the European Union has mandated that from 2025 onwards, all aircraft operators at EU airports must use a certain proportion of SAF and gradually increase their mix ratio. These policies have promoted the development of the SAF industry and attracted a large amount of investment interest.

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SAF Production Process

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Edible Oil Plant Project

Biodiesel Plant Project

Skid-Mounted Biodiesel Unit

POME/UCO Treatment System